Association of periodontitis with cognitive decline and its progression: Contribution of blood-based biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease to this relationship.

AIM: To assess whether periodontitis is associated with cognitive decline and its progression as well as with certain blood-based markers of Alzheimer's disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data from a 2-year follow-up prospective cohort study (n = 101) was analysed. Participants with a previous history of hypertension and aged ≥60 years were included in the analysis. All of them received a full-mouth periodontal examination and cognitive function assessments (Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (ACE) and Mini-Mental State Examination [MMSE]). Plasma levels of amyloid beta (Aß)1-40 , Aß1-42 , phosphorylated and total Tau (p-Tau and t-Tau) were determined at baseline, 12 and 24 months. RESULTS: Periodontitis was associated with poor cognitive performance (MMSE: ß = -1.5 [0.6]) and progression of cognitive impairment (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.8; 95% confidence interval: 1.0-3.1). Subjects with periodontitis showed greater baseline levels of p-Tau (1.6 [0.7] vs. 1.2 [0.2] pg/mL, p < .001) and Aß1-40 (242.1 [77.3] vs. 208.2 [73.8] pg/mL, p = .036) compared with those without periodontitis. Concentrations of the latter protein also increased over time only in the periodontitis group (p = .005). CONCLUSIONS: Periodontitis is associated with cognitive decline and its progression in elderly patients with a previous history of hypertension. Overexpression of p-Tau and Aß1-40 may play a role in this association.

Continuous subcutaneous apomorphine infusion in the early phase of advanced Parkinson's disease: A prospective study of 22 patients.

INTRODUCTION: Parkinson's disease (PD) patients usually start treatment with apomorphine infusion (APO) in later stages of advanced PD (aPD). This timing limits the evaluation of its motor efficacy and other potential clinical benefits throughout the full course of aPD. METHODS: We prospectively analyzed the effect of APO on motor and non-motor symptoms, cognitive function and quality of life (QoL) in 22 PD patients with early stage aPD, defined as: age < 71 years and diagnosis of aPD for < 3 years. RESULTS: At baseline, mean (±SD) age and disease duration were 59.4 ± 6.1 and 8.7 ± 3.5 years, respectively. After 6 months of APO treatment, daily off-time decreased from 4.98 ± 2.37 to 1.48 ± 1.47 h (p ≤ 0.001) and UPDRS IV scores from 7.00 ± 2.58 to 5.32 ± 2.48 (p = 0.018). Dyskinesia did not worsen with APO despite an overall increase in levodopa equivalent daily dose. Mean NMSS scores improved with APO, from 52.50 ± 27.24 to 38.68 ± 27.17 (p = 0.002), with particular improvements in apathy and sleep quality. Mean PDQ-39 score was reduced with APO from 31.96 ± 11.93 to 19.27 ± 11.86 (p ≤ 0.001). Overall, cognition did not change after APO, while slight improvements were observed in executive functioning (attention and planning). All but one patient eventually underwent subthalamic deep brain stimulation. CONCLUSION: In patients with early stage initial aPD, s substantial benefit of APO was observed on motor symptoms, driven by a 70% reduction in off-time versus baseline, superior to that observed in previous prospective studies. APO also improved frontal dysfunction in PD patients.

Continuous Subcutaneous Apomorphine Infusion before Subthalamic Deep Brain Stimulation: A Prospective, Comparative Study in 20 Patients.

BACKGROUND: Studies comparing the clinical efficacy of apomorphine infusion (APO) with subsequent subthalamic deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) in advanced Parkinson's disease (aPD) are currently lacking. Retrospective data have shown that patients treated with APO are usually older, have a more prolonged disease, and a more severe phenotype. OBJECTIVE: To compare the benefit of APO with that of STN-DBS on motor, non-motor, cognitive, and quality of life in the same patient when given sequentially. METHODS: We prospectively analyzed 20 aPD patients over 3 different treatment phases: baseline (optimized medical treatment), during APO treatment, and during subsequent STN-DBS treatment. The APO and STN-DBS phases were stable for 6 months, and evaluation of the different treatments was separated by 6 months. RESULTS: Compared to baseline, APO, and STN-DBS reduced mean daily off time by 70.5% and 89.3% (P = 0.012), respectively, and scores for Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) IV by 27.5% and 80.5% (P ≤ 0.001), Non-motor symptoms scale (NMSS) by 24.6% and 49.3% (P ≤ 0.001), Montgomery Asberg depression scale (MADRS) by 7.4% and 39.0% (P = 0.27), Starkstein apathy scale (SAS) by 51.1% and 39.9% (P = 0.734), Parkinson's disease sleep scale 2 (PDSS-2) by 25.7% and 56.7% (P ≤ 0.001), and Parkinson's disease questionnaire 39 item (PDQ-39) by 39.6% and 64.9% (P ≤ 0.001). Global cognition did not change with either therapy, but phonetic fluency worsened after STN-DBS compared to APO (P = 0.022). CONCLUSIONS: Both APO and STN-DBS improved motor and non-motor symptoms and quality of life compared to optimized medical treatment in aPD. Overall, STN-DBS was the most effective treatment, but APO showed a pronounced benefit on motor symptoms. Effective treatment for aPD should not be delayed, even when waiting for surgery.

Terapia del movimiento inducido por restricción en la rehabilitación de la heminegligencia después de un ictus / Constraint-induced movement therapy in the rehabilitation of hemineglect after a stroke

INTRODUCCIÓN: La heminegligencia produce una menor capacidad de recuperación después del ictus y hasta el momento no existen técnicas de rehabilitación que hayan demostrado ser funcionalmente efectivas. OBJETIVOS: El objetivo principal de este trabajo fue valorar si la terapia de movimiento inducido por restricción modificada (TMIRm) para la heminegligencia produce mayores beneficios que la terapia convencional sobre la heminegligencia funcional. Los objetivos secundarios fueron evaluar si la TMIRm produce mayores beneficios en la función del miembro superior y del miembro inferior, así como sobre el grado de autonomía y discapacidad de los pacientes con respecto a la terapia convencional. PACIENTES Y MÉTODOS: Se seleccionó a 30 pacientes con ictus isquémico y diagnóstico de heminegligencia, que fueron asignados aleatoriamente al grupo de TMIRm (n = 15) o al grupo de terapia convencional (n = 15). Se empleó la Catherine Bergego Scale (CBS) para la valoración de la heminegligencia; las pruebas Fugl-Meyer para la función motora del miembro inferior y del miembro superior, y el índice de Barthel y la escala de Rankin modificada para el resto de los objetivos. RESULTADOS: Se hallaron diferencias significativas en favor del grupo de TMIRm para la CBS en la valoración después del tratamiento y a los tres meses de finalizado. No se encontraron diferencias entre grupos para el resto de las variables. CONCLUSIONES: La TMIRm podría ser una terapia más efectiva que la convencional para mejorar la sintomatología de la heminegligencia en la fase aguda del ictus. Sin embargo, podría ser clínicamente más recomendable en pacientes con una determinada función motora después del ictus

INTRODUCTION: Hemineglect produces a lower capacity for recovery after the stroke and so far there are no rehabilitation techniques that have proven to be effective at functional level. AIMS. The main objective of this work was to assess whether the modified constraint-induced movement therapy (mCIMT)for hemineglect produces greater benefits than conventional therapy on functional hemineglect. Secondary objectives were to assess whether mCIMT produces greater benefits on upper and lower limb function as well as on the degree of autonomy and disability of patients with in relation to conventional therapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We have recruited 30 patients with ischemic stroke and diagnosis of hemineglect randomly assigned to mCIMT group (n = 15) or conventional therapy group (n = 15). We used the Catherine Bergego Scale (CBS) for assessment hemineglect; Fugl-Meyer tests for the motor function of lower and upper limb, and Barthel index and modified Rankin scale for the rest of objectives. RESULTS: We have found significant differences in favour of mCIMT group in the CBS after treatment and three months later once finished. We have not found differences between groups for the rest of variables. CONCLUSIONS: mCIMT could be a more effective therapy than conventional therapy to improve the symptoms of hemineglect in the acute stroke. However, it may be clinically more recommended in patients with a certain motor function after stroke

Delirio de infestación asociado a deterioro cognitivo leve de etiología vascular. Buena respuesta a dosis bajas de quetiapina / Delusional parasitosis associated to mild cognitive impairment of vascular causation. Good response to low doses of quetiapine

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Ecolalia y parálisis supranuclear progresiva, una asociación inesperada / Echolalia and progressive supranuclear palsy, an unexpected association

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